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The shape of data: fields, types, required values, relationships, and constraints.
A schema is the agreement about what data is allowed to look like. Databases have schemas for tables, APIs have schemas for request and response bodies, and tools have schemas for arguments. Clear schemas prevent ambiguous data from spreading through the app.
Plainly
Think of Schema as a labeled box where an app keeps important things. The shape of data: fields, types, required values, relationships, and constraints.
In practice
Use it when a feature reads, writes, migrates, validates, or audits stored information. In practice, define the owner, input, output, and failure mode before you rely on it.