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A second agent or pass whose only job is to judge and poke holes in the first agent's output.
The critic reviews a draft answer or plan against the goal, flags errors, omissions, and weak reasoning, then hands feedback back so the work can be revised. Splitting generation from evaluation works because a model judging fresh output catches mistakes it glossed over while producing them — it's the same reason you get a teammate to review your PR. Example: a generator writes SQL, the critic checks it for injection and missing indexes before it runs.
Plainly
Think of Critic as a simple recipe for doing the work better. A second agent or pass whose only job is to judge and poke holes in the first agent's output.
In practice
Use it when you need a repeatable method instead of guessing from vibes. In practice, define the owner, input, output, and failure mode before you rely on it.