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A protocol for independent agents to discover, talk to, and delegate work to each other.
A2A defines a common message format and capability-advertisement scheme so agents built by different teams or vendors can hand off tasks without custom glue — one agent asks another to do what it's specialized for and gets a result back. It matters because real systems aren't one mega-agent but a mesh of specialists, and they need a wire protocol to cooperate. Example: a travel-planning agent calls a separate payments agent over A2A to book the flight it found.
Plainly
Think of Agent-to-Agent (A2A) as roads and power for the app city. A protocol for independent agents to discover, talk to, and delegate work to each other.
In practice
Use it when local behavior needs to become a reachable, reliable deployed service. In practice, define the owner, input, output, and failure mode before you rely on it.